Atomic Number 2 on the Periodic Table

Atomic Number 2 on the Periodic Table Helium is the element that is atomic number 2 on the periodic table. Each helium atom has 2 protons in its atomic nucleus. The atomic weight of the element is  4.0026. Fast Facts: Atomic Number 2 Element Name: HeliumElement Symbol: HeAtomic Number: 2Atomic Weight: 4.002Classification: Noble GasState of Matter: GasNamed For: Helios, the Greek Titan of the SunDiscovered By: Pierre Janssen, Norman Lockyer (1868) Interesting Atomic Number 2 Facts The element is named for the Greek god of the sun, Helios, because it was initially observed in a previously unidentified yellow spectral line during the 1868 solar eclipse. Two scientists observed the spectral line during this eclipse: Jules Janssen (France) and Norman Lockyer (Britain). The astronomers share credit for the element discovery.Direct observation of the element did not occur until 1895, when Swedish chemists Per Teodor Cleve and Nils Abraham Langlet identified helium emanations from cleveite, a type of uranium ore.A typical helium atom contains 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons. However, atomic number 2 can exist without any electrons, forming what is called an alpha particle. An alpha particle has an electrical charge of 2 and is emitted during alpha decay.The isotope containing 2 protons and 2 neutrons is called helium-4. There are nine isotopes of helium, but only helium-3 and helium-4 are stable. In the atmosphere, there is one atom of helium-3 for every milli on helium-4 atoms. Unlike most elements, the isotopic composition of helium greatly depends on its source. So, the average atomic weight may not really apply to a given sample. Most of the helium-3 found today was present at the time of the Earths formation. At ordinary temperature and pressure, helium is an extremely light, colorless gas.Helium is one of the noble gases or inert gases, which means it has a complete electron valence shell so its not reactive. Unlike gas of atomic number 1 (hydrogen), helium gas exists as monatomic particles. The two gases have comparable mass (H2 and He). Single helium atoms are so small they pass between many other molecules. This is why a filled helium balloon deflates over time the helium escapes through tiny pores in the material.Atomic number 2 is the second most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen. However, the element is rare on Earth (5.2 ppm by volume in the atmosphere) because nonreactive helium is light enough that it can escape Earths gravity and be lost to space. Some types of natural gas, such as that from Texas and Kansas, contain helium. The primary source of the element on Earth is from liquefaction from natural gas. The largest supplier of the gas is the United States. The source of helium is a non-renewable resource, so there may come a time when we run out of a practical source for this element. Atomic number 2 is used for party balloons, but its primary use is in the cryogenic industry for cooling superconducting magnets. The principal commercial use of helium is for MRI scanners. The element is also used as a purge gas, to grow silicon wafers and other crystals, and as a protective gas for welding. Helium is used for research into superconductivity and the behavior of matter at a temperature approaching absolute zero.One distinctive property of atomic number 2 is that this element cannot be frozen into a solid form unless it is pressurized. Helium remains liquid down to absolute zero under normal pressure, forming a solid at temperatures between 1 K and 1.5 K and 2.5 MPa pressure. Solid helium has been observed to possess a crystalline structure. Sources Hampel, Clifford A. (1968).  The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp.  256–268.Meija, J.; et al. (2016). Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91.Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). Noble Gases.  Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383.  Weast, Robert (1984).  CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp.  E110.

The Media In Zimbabwe essays

The Media In Zimbabwe essays 1. Introduction: Contextualising Zimbabwes Political Climate 2. Taking Control: Propaganda and Legislation 3. Press Coverage of the 2000 In Zimbabwe, the ruling party, Zanu PF, and particularly the President of Zimbabwe, Cde Robert Mugabe, have imposed many legislative and political strictures on the national press in recent years, and have made access to the country difficult and dangerous for foreign journalists. The purpose of this essay is to analyse and evaluate the governments intensifying control of the media, and manipulation of other mass communication tools, in Zimbabwe, and to examine the political, social and economic consequences that these measures of absolute control have rendered. Introduction: Contextualising Zimbabwes Political Climate At this time, the people of Zimbabwe are faced with many hardships; the economy was, until recently, one of the strongest in Africa, but has been hugely undermined by political wrangling between the government and opposition parties. Massive inflation, escalating unemployment, and a marked decrease in GDP are having a direct effect on the day-to-day lives of the 12 million-strong population. As the governments position becomes more and more challenged, it response is one of unswerving subjugation of both the opposition, and the media which supports it. In order to fully appreciate the effects of politics on the Zimbabwean media, and vice versa, it is important to understand the way in which Zimbabwe has developed as a country, and the power that its government now holds over the populace. The remainder of this chapter, therefore, serves as a prcis of Zimbabwes history, and aims to create a context in which the relationship between the Zimbabwean government and the domestic (and to a lesser extent, international) press can be examined. The government of Zimbabwe (a former British colony know...

Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents Essay

Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents - Essay Example Literature Review Energy drinks are non-alcoholic beverages containing caffeine, taurine, vitamins, herbal supplements, and sugar or sweeteners, with caffeine as its main active ingredient (Seifert et al 2011: 512). Red Bull was the first ED introduced in the European market in 1987 and later in the 1990s in the United States (Kaminer, 2010: 643). Today, EDs are sold in about 140 countries and are expected to rack up a total of $9 billion in sales for the year 2011. It is estimated that half of the world’s energy market consists of children, adolescents and young adults, which practically means those aged 25 years old and below (Kaminer 2010: 643). EDs are marketed as drinks made from natural ingredients that can boost energy and alertness and improve athletic performance. Recently, however, EDs have figured in health-related issues. Reports claimed that EDs can cause seizures, cardiac arrest, psychiatric symptoms, and obesity (Clauson et al, 2008: 57-58). In Germany, health a uthorities reported that EDs were discovered to cause liver damage, respiratory disorders and a host of other ailments and even death. Similarly, Irish health authorities have linked EDs to 2 deaths between 1999 and 2005. Caffeine levels of 200 mg and 1622 mg from drinking energy drinks caused jitteriness in a 13-year old and 14 year-old, respectively (Seifert et al 2011: 516-517). Contrary to claims, Clauson et al (2008) contended that the natural contents of EDs such as ginseng and taurine, found to have beneficial effects, are in so small quantities in EDs that they are unlikely to give any therapeutic effect. The increase in energy that drinkers of EDs feel, is due to caffeine rather than due to their taurine and ginseng content (58). Table 1, shows the results of a survey conducted by Malinauskas et al (2007) involving 496 participants gathered from a US college, 51% of them admitted to taking more than one energy drink every month. Asked about the effects of the energy drinks on them, Table 1 shows that the negative symptoms reported increased as the number of energy drinks taken go higher. Discussion EDs may be generally safe, but they pose danger to certain groups such as children, young teens and young adults because of the amount of their caffeine content. Children have less tolerance for caffeine, which is abundant in energy drinks. A child is supposed to consume not more than 100 mg of caffeine daily. In a study, for example, a sample of men and boys were tested for their caffeine tolerance by giving them the same amount of caffeine. Although blood pressure between the two groups was the same, the boys suffered higher heart rates than the men as well as increased motor activity and decreased reaction time (Seifert et al 2011: 519). The negative effects of caffeine on children may be exacerbated when a child is suffering from certain conditions. Ion chanelopathy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, conditions which are prevalent in children, is worsened with caffeine intake. Similarly, children with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), are also in danger of shooting blood pressure and increased heart rate. So too, are children with eating disorders who are at risk of cardiac dysrythmias and intracardiac conduction abnormalities. For those suffering from obesity, EDs are

Human resource management (Case study) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human resource management (Case study) - Essay Example It defines the organisation’s behaviour and how it tries to cope with its environment.† More precisely, the MBA Tutorials (2010) defines SHRM as â€Å"the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational culture that foster innovation and competitive advantage† (par. 1). The key features of SHRM were identified as: (1) some organizing strategies or schemes link individual human resource interventions so that they are ‘mutually supportive’; (2) a great amount of responsibility is transferred down the line for the management of HR; and (3) there is a precise link between overall organization strategy, organization environment, HR policies and practices† (MBA Tutorials, 2010, par. 3) In this regard, the Talent Management at Standard Chartered Bank displays features of SHRM in terms of manifesting the presence of strategies that show â€Å"emphasis on people that has seen HR issues ascend the corporate agenda, with the bank’s declared goal of measurably increasing its leadership capacity by 2011† (Case facts, 2). ... .to introduce certain global standards and tools, (and) to give managers some freedom to decide locally how best to use them† (Case facts, 3).   1.2 Comment on the relevance of this approach in the light of the recent banking crisis? The Talent Management program that is consistent with the SHRM approach is appropriately significant in the light of the recent banking crisis due to its ability to gauge performance of personnel and bank branches regardless of their assigned locations; it has the ability to generate and integrate performance of employees on a global scale. In this regard, the effect of changes in the external environment could immediately be measured in terms of repercussive effects on bank branches worldwide and on how creative managers and respective personnel are in responding to the external pressures. The Talent Management Program of Standard Chartered manifests acknowledged the important roles and functions of HRM opting to implement SHRM in adapting to di verse factors from the external environment and adjusting to the demands of the times. Its ability to assess its effectiveness evolves into encompassing areas of employee development (employee behavior, attitudes and skills), competencies, performance, as these attributes all contribute to the achievement of organizational goals. As Cabrera & Cabrera averred, â€Å"no longer are operational measures of internal efficiency sufficient. HR departments must be able to demonstrate the value of their strategic contributions† (2003, 3) which are most applicable especially during the financial crisis. 1.3 Why is it important to measure the impact of SHRM? What might be included in an evaluation strategy to measure the impact of SHRM in

Concretely, colonial policies in Africa were driven by economic Essay

Concretely, colonial policies in Africa were driven by economic factors and not by concerns about the type of society colonial rule would bring about. Discuss - Essay Example This is what came to be known as the "Scramble for Africa". Many historians debate on the reasons as to why European nations rushed to establish colonies and territories in Africa, finding it hard to agree upon a single cause. One thing is very clear though; the colonial policies in Africa were driven by economic factors and not by concerns about the type of society colonial rule would bring about. Colonialism, whether it was by the Belgian, British, German, French or any power was not supposed to be a kind enterprise. The reason behind colonialism was one: exploitation of human labor and economic surplus accumulation. Consequently, capitalism did not spare labor exploitation even if it took spilling blood so as to fulfill the agenda. Britain developed and became a post-industrial nation with financial services increasingly becoming important in its economy. The financial exports kept Britain going, especially its capital investments based outside Europe. The surplus capital was profitably invested not in Britain but overseas, where abundant raw materials, limited competition, and cheap labor made bigger premiums possible. Imperialism inducement arose due to raw materials demand, unavailable in Britain and Europe. These included rubber, copper, tea, cotton, and tin. In Africa, the European’s capital investment was relatively little compared to the other continents. The companies which were involved in commerce were not relatively big, apart from De Beers Mining Company owned by Cecil Rhodes, who carved out north and south Rhodesia for himself and his company, as did King Là ©opold II with the Congo Free State and later Belgian Congo. Europe was experiencing an economic depression during the late 1800’s.as a result, the colonial governments did not have enough for spending on economic development, political administration, and social programs in their new colonies. A policy was formulated for the colonies to â€Å"pay for themselves.† In

The introduction of the Tesco Supermarket

The introduction of the Tesco Supermarket Tesco started as a one-man business in Londons East End. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen, son of a Polish Jewish tailor. He sold groceries in the markets of the East End from 1919. The Tesco brand first appeared in 1924. The name derived after Jack Cohen bought a large shipment of tea from T.E. Stockwell (formerly Messrs Torring and Stockwell of Mincing Lane), he made new labels by using the first three letters of the suppliers name and the first two letters of his surname forming the word TESCO. The first Tesco store was opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware, and London. The firm was floated on the London Stock Exchange on 23 December 1947. The first Tesco self-service store opened in 1948 in St Albans and is still trading in 2006 as a Tesco Metro store.The first Tesco supermarket was opened in 1956 in a converted cinema in Maldon, Essex. Tescos first superstore was opened in 1968 in Crawley, West Sussex. The group began selling petrol in 1974 and its annual turnover reached one billion pounds in 1979. Also In 1975 Tesco opened one of its first Hypermarkets in Irlam. The first Hypermarket under the Extra name opened in 1997. EXPANSION: In 1994, the company took over the Scottish supermarket chain William Low. Tesco successfully fought off Sainsburys for control of the Dundee-based firm, which operated 57 stores north of the border, paving the way for Tesco to expand its weak presence in Scotland. To the present day, Tesco has based its Scottish headquarters at the former Wm. Low offices in Dundee. From small beginnings in Scotland Inverness was recently branded as Tescotown, since an estimated 50p in every  £1 spent on food is believed to be spent in the three Tesco stores within the city. (Nationally, it is estimated that 1 in every  £8 is the proportion spent) It introduced a loyalty card branded Clubcard in 1995 and later an Internet shopping service. During the 1990s it expanded into Central Europe, Ireland and East Asia. In July 2001 it became involved in internet grocery retailing in the USA when it obtained a 35% stake in GroceryWorks. In October 2003 it launched a UK telecoms division, comprising of mobile and home phone services, to complement its existing internet service provider business. In August 2004, it also launched a broadband service. NATURE, SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT NATURE: Tesco opened its first store in Edgware, North London in 1929.It is founded by John Cohen and T. E. Stockwell. Tesco mainly used strategies to build customer loyalty. It reached the  £billion pound turnover in 1979.It became the first UK business to reach  £2 billion pound and became the largest retailer in UK. STRATEGY: According to Johnson and Scholes strategy is defined as the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term; which achieves advantage for the organisation through it configuration of resources within a changing enviroment,to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. Tescos growth over the last two or three decades has involved a transformation of its strategy and image. Its initial success was based on the Pile it high, sell it cheap approach of the founder Jack Cohen. The disadvantage of this was that the stores had a poor image with middle-class customers. In the late 1970s Tescos brand image was so negative that consultants advised the company to change the name of its stores. It did not accept this advice, yet by early 2005 it was the largest retailer in the United Kingdom, with a 29.0% share of the grocery market according to retail analysts TNS Super Panel, compared to the 16.8% share of ASDA and 15.6% share of third-placed SainsburyHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SainsburysHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainsburyss, which had been the market leader until it was overtaken by Tesco in 1995. Key to success: Focus on customers. Focus heavily on value for money. Finest and low price. Core UK business. Non-food business. Retailing services. International Expansion. SCOPE According to Mintzberg and Quinn there are five definitions if strategy Strategy as a plan Strategy as a pattern Strategy as a position Strategy as a perspective Strategy as a ploy Tescos growth over the last two or three decades has involved a transformation of its strategy and image. Its initial success was based on the Pile it high, sell it cheap approach of the founder Jack Cohen. Levels of planning Planning of strategy in any organisation is categorised into three levels: Top level planning: this is done by the top management and is termed as strategic planning. It is a long range planning and is linked to long range goals. Second level planning: This is carried out by senior executives and is termed as tactical planning. The plans are devised to achieve the organisations main objectives. The long-range plans of the organisation are segmented and are oriented to functions and departments. Third level planning: This is the concern of the departmental managers and supervisors and is called activity planning or operational planning. It is confined to short term activities and also individual assignments and establishes performance of the organisation. Corporate strategy: It is concerned with the overall purpose and scope of the business to meet stake holder expectations. It is often expressed as mission statement of the organisation. The companys mission statement reads, Our core purpose is, To create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. We deliver this through our values, No-one tries harder for customers, and Treat people how we like to be treated'. The underlying aim is of course to make higher profits, but there is a clear focus on customer service at the top level of the company. Business strategy: It is concerned with how a business competes successfully in a particular market. Tescos business strategy is to Expand overseas Maintain a strong uk business Expand into non-food merchandise Operational strategy: It is concerned with the operations to deliver the corporate and business strategy of the organisation. Tesco has its every little helps strategy to make both its employees and customers happy while achieving the organisational goals. PURPOSE Tesco adopts its strategy with a core purpose to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. This is expressed as two key values. No one tries harder for customers Treat people as we like to be treated. Tesco positions all its resources with a purpose to satisfy this strategy while achieving its organisational goals. PROCESS FOR DEVELOPING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT While the corporate strategy of an organisation sets the objectives for different businesses; business strategy deals with individual sections of the overall business and the operational strategy directs and determines each function of the organisation. The process of business strategy of Tesco can be outlined as: Stating and understanding The Companys vision. Stating and understanding The Companys mission. Analysing the business environment. Crafting and evaluation of strategy. Implementation, monitoring and control. VISION Tescos vision can be clearly understood in the statement of its CEO Terry Leahy we have got only 5% of the non-food market in Britain, we have got only 6% of the convenience market and we have got only 2-3% of the banking market In all these examples we could be much bigger. This statement clearly presents the idea where Tesco wants to be in the future. MISSION A mission statement spells out the central purpose and shared values of a business organisation. Mission of Tesco is To create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty which is delivered through two key values no one tries harder for customers and treat people how they like to be treated. ANALYSIS OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT For the formulation of strategy, it is necessary to analyse the organisational environment. These would include political, economic, social and technological factors. According to Johnson and Scholes: Managers face difficulties in trying to understand the environment. First, the environment encapsulates many different influences; the difficulty is making sense of this diversity in a way which can contribute to strategic decision making. A simple analysis of the business environment so Tesco involves three aspects: Analysing Internal capabilities and resources(core competencies) Analysing external environment by PEST Analysis Analysing the competitive environment by Porters five forces Core Competencies Core competences relate to those resources and capabilities if the firm which enable to Attain a competitive edge in the market According to Johnson and Scholes core competencies create and sustain the ability to meet the critical success factors of particular customer groups better than other providers in ways that are difficult to imitate. Tesco identifies core competencies by three factors: Creation of new products and services which provides potential access to a wide variety of markets. Skill which makes a significant contribution to the perceived customer benefits of the end product. competitive unique skills which are difficult for competitors to imitate PEST ANALYSIS The external environment of an organisation is analysed by PEST analysis. It helps to identify the key changes that are taking place around the organisation and which influence it in the future. A PEST Analysis looks at Political Factors Economic factors Social factors Technological factors The following is the PEST Analysis for Tesco Political Factors Risks of potential competition commission enquiry GM- Food EU competition Law Economic Factors Intensive price competition between the large supermarkets Cost of products keep falling because of strengthening buying power Socio cultural factors Organic foods and drink Customer concerns about GM food, allergies and additives Animal welfare policies Environmental policies and practices Technological Factors Radio Frequency identity technology in operation of its supply chain Radio barcode technology for tagging cases. Self service check-out system. PORTERS FIVE FORCES Porters five forces are used to analyse the external environment of an organisation and to determine the attractiveness of the market. The five forces are: The bargaining power of customers The bargaining power of suppliers The threat of new entrants The threat of substitute products The intensity of competitive rivalry Bargaining power of customers The buying power of customers may influence Tesco to force prices down. This may lead to competition where the other rivals may also bring down the prices. Tesco should maintain the customer loyalty to stop them from drifting to others. Bargaining power of suppliers Demand of suppliers to pay high prices for their goods. Recently, the agitation by the dairy farmers to get high price for milk is an example. But market giants like Tesco has an overwhelming advantage over their suppliers where they dictate the price they pay their suppliers. Threat of new entrants Supermarket chains like Tesco manage the threat of new entrants by imposing barriers to entry. This is achieved by paying high price to suppliers and buying large volumes of goods. This makes Tesco to supply goods at cheaper prices to its customers where it corners the new entrants. Tesco also has the advantage of economies of scale. Threat of substitute products Tesco faces the threat of cutting down the prices of groceries and goods by other giants like Asda and Sainsbury. This may lead to lowering of prices where the buyer gets an advantage. Intensity of competitive rivalry Retail industry is the one where the profit margins are low and the competition is high. According to classical economics, rivalry between companies should drive profits to zero. All the above mentioned factors impact the intensity of competition for Tesco. Asda, Sainsburys, Morrisons and others with their expansion plans and strategies are making the competition tough. Their disciplined approach towards prices setting is preventing the destruction in profit war. Environmental evaluation of Tesco The environmental audit is reliant on the monitoring activity undertaken by the organisation. It includes Market intelligence Largest supermarket chain with a market capitalisation of  £26.037bn New strategies for mergers and expansion plans to US Effective and low prices Continuous monitoring and direct information on the sales figures in stores Efficient maintenance of customer loyalty. Technical intelligence RFID technology for supply chain management EPOs and Bar-coding technology Extension of RFID technology for tagging the cases through out the supply chain by 2007. Effective implementation of one in front policy at the tills to satisfy the customers. Acquisition intelligence Decision of receding from the bid to takeover Safeway. Expansion plans for US Other issues Convenience stores according to the needs of the people Decisions regarding the environmental issues Crafting a strategy By considering the above factors Tesco clearly crafted a strategy that keeps it in the leading position in all the aspects: The selected strategy of Tesco is To provide all the customers with excellent value and choice in UK business which is its biggest market and where Tesco enjoys top slot. Having a six element approach to be an international retailer while focusing on satisfaction of needs of the different local customers. KEY FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING STRATEGY The key factors for an organisation are those which exist within an environment and may generate a need for change. These are triggers for change in the organisation. The following is a brief description of the key factors which may lead to strategic change in Tesco. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Macro environmental analysis increases awareness of the relevant environmental changes at managerial level. This enhances strategic planning. Macro environmental analysis further focuses attention on the primary influences of strategic change and provides anticipation to opportunities and carefully develops responses to change. The following are the external environmental factors which pose challenges to Tesco High energy costs High recovery costs Improving position of competitors Risks of the potential competition commission enquiry Growing cautiousness among consumers STAKEHOLDERS Stakeholders can be defined as As those individual actors and parties, organisations and professions and institutions that have a bearing on the behaviour of the organisation as revealed in its policies and actions on the environment. Stakeholders can be divided into two categories; Those view the organisation externally Those have an internal interest External stakeholders for Tesco are competitiors, customers, suppliers, shareholders government departments etc.They judge the efficiency and try to influence its activities. So Tesco always determines the outputs required by the stakeholders. Internal stakeholders for Tesco are the owners, managers and employees. In large companies like Tesco there are thousands of shareholders who have a vested interest in the success of the business. MEDIA Media plays a very important role in an organisations strategy. It works in two ways; Interest in the success of the organisation and its subsequent positive feedback Interest in the proposed developments Tesco notifies well that the influence of effective public relations on the opinions of a wide range of groups will enhance the likelihood of success for its strategy. So it always maintains good relations with the media. Tescos media centre contain the latest news releases, images and briefing notes. Their latest TV ad campaign can also be viewed from their video library. The media people can also access to their media centre for easy access to the latest developments. LEGAL Organisations need to anticipate and prepare themselves for changes in legal procedures. The potential competition commission enquiry and other regulations are important legal factors which can influence retail sector now.Tesco has all the legal resources which enables it to respond to such changes well in advance and as a part of its developing strategy. ETHICAL These are the moral principles that should govern human relations and conduct. These are very important considerations in formulating strategy which involve subjective personal feelings about human behaviour. Tesco identifies as one of the key factors in its strategy and accepts this with enthusiasm and commitment. EDUCATIONAL In the present business scenario, the capacity to transmit knowledge through devices as the internet has become formidable. The most important and interesting aspect of the improvement in education and subsequent growth of knowledge has been the increasing professionalism of workforces in an organisation. Tesco understand this well and implements it in the improvement of skills of its human resources. It conducts training programmes a least two times a year. POLITICAL Political factors generally effect the organisation in two ways. One driven by the government pr by the multinational political initiatives and another concerned with the political shifts within the particular business environment. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS The following are the factors that are instrumental to the internal environment of Tesco. Organisational policy The mission statement of an organisation sets out the purpose of a business The mission statement of an organisation is refined over the time to reflect the developed or enhanced capabilities of the business .The following are the purpose statements for Tesco which gives a clear picture of its policy Scope of an organisations activities is a fundamental element of strategy. Tescos scope relates to the extent of the market into which it sells its products and services. It is already the largest retailer in UK and is planning to expand to US .It has already wide markets in Europe and Asia. A key consideration for a firm is to identify what areas of activity to pursue in its markets. Tesco targets customers of all ages with its products and services ranging from food, household products and retail to insurance and personal finance. An important aspect of strategy is for a company to identify the positions held by their products and services in the market place. Tesco has already built a very strong businesses over the time with very strong market positions. Each and every one of them has huge potential for further growth. Human resources Tesco is the largest private sector employer in UK. Tesco is the largest private sector employer in UK. It employs 250,000 staff alone in the UK and 367,000 staff worldwide. It has 2365 stores all over the world. Tesco employs about 11,000 employees every year. It recruits about 80 to 150 graduates each year to two training schemes one store and one office based. It recruits by in-store advertising, events in local areas. and recommendations From existing employees through an employee referral scheme. These employees are the need for effective communication in the field of management. Financial resources As per the statistics of 2006 Tesco is the fourth largest retailer in the world. Its market capitalisation was  £26.035 billion which was the largest of any retailer based outside the united states. Tesco also has got tremendous property portfolio. It does its own development and owns about 85 of all its assets around the world. And always Tesco invests a lot in its property. According to company authorities over the next five years its property value will be  £5 billion and still be a predominantly freehold property company. All these factors are described as the key factors for Tesco DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS Strategy whether developed for a whole organisation or for an operating department or a team follows the same building process .Its central concern is to create a long-term vision of where we want to be or what we would like to become .Strategy that an organisation adopts should be feasible and practicable. Its pulling power is extremely important to survive in the tough competitive environment where an organisation operates .The art of strategic development involves a set of sophisticated tools to facilitate the process. The following is a brief context of different strategic options for TESCO and their evaluation. PEST ANALYSIS To develop a strategy for an organisation to assure its long-term effectiveness it should carry an analysis about its future. For this PEST Analysis is the best tool. It carries analysis of four or six major factors which can effect the organisation in future .TESCO which is the largest player in retail sector carries PEST Analysis to analyse the external factors which may affect in the future .The following is the PEST Analysis for TESCO: Political and legal considerations Risks of potential commission enquiry TESCO may face the risk of the potential commission enquiry in future which aims to curb the unhealthy competition in the retail sector. GM-Food With increasing awareness in the consumers all over the world TESCO may face the risk with Green peace workers regarding the labelling of genetically modified foods. . EU Competition Law EU Competition Law constituted to regulate monopoly power may impact TESCO and its expansion in the European Union in the near future. Economic considerations Intensive price competition between the large supermarkets Cost of products keep falling because of strengthening buying power Social Factors Organic foods and drink Consumers growing concerns about the organic food and drinks may influence in near future Customer concerns about GM food, allergies and additives With growing cautiousness and discontent about the GM food and use of allergic causing agents and additives in the manufacture of food may show impact Animal welfare policies Animal welfare policies which oppose the testing of the products on animals Environmental policies and practices Green peace workers and changing concerns about environmental issues. Technological Factors Radio Frequency identity technology in operation of its supply chain Use of RFID technology in its supply chain helps TESCO to efficiently carry its operations and maintain its position. Radio barcode Technology for tagging cases. Use of Radio barcode Technology to tag the cases and extending this technique to the entire chain by the end of 2007 will show an impact on operations in TESCO. Self-service checkout system SWOT Analysis IT is a commonly used tool .Its main purpose is to locate the organisation in its operating environment and try to assess its internal and external capabilities and vulnerabilities. SWOT stand for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths are internal and opportunities are environmental. Similarly weaknesses are internal and threats are environmental. The following is the SWOT analysis for TESCO Strengths These are the strengths of TESCO TESCO s Brand name Loyal customers Largest player in the retail sector Well established supply chain Excellent ware housing capability Largest online grocer Great store locations Skilled work force Club card scheme for enhancing customer loyalty. Weaknesses These are the weaknesses of TESCO Vast usage of fossil fuel in transport chain and super market heating systems Lack of integration between departments at certain times Opportunities These are the opportunities where TESCO can explore in future Improving customer relationships Real growth opportunity for grocery retailing in the newly enlarged European Union. Increasing sales through better integration of high street and internet resources Threats These are the threats that might affect TESCO in the future. High energy costs Increasing taxes on retail items Expansion of low cost supermarkets like LIDL. Recovering competitions like Sainsburys and Morrisons. A weakening economy An increase in unemployment PORTERS GENERIC STRATEGIES After establishing the strengths and weaknesses of the organisation and analysing the competitive environment, we have to establish the generic strategy of the organisation. No set of the strategic tools will be complete without a look at Michael porters generic strategies. Porter advocates, Gaining and maintaining competitive advantage The three generic strategies of Porter are Differentiation This is a strategy where the organisation offers a product or service which is unique compared with those of its competitors .This differentiation must be known to at least a segment of the market. Cost Leadership This is a strategy where the organisation enables itself to provide the products or services at a cost less than any other competitive organisation. It is the ability the organisation has to price below competitors if and when it needs so. Focus This is a strategy where the organisation targets its products or services at a given sector of the market with great accuracy and with a depth of capability and knowledge to support its position in the sector. In the retail sector with a very low profit margin the environment is hypercompetitive .TESCO being the largest player adopts the Cost Leadership strategy to challenge its competitors. TESCO has all the capabilities to adapt to this strategy. It develops its internal resources and its core competencies to support this strategy. In addition to these a number of generic strategies have emerged to define the modern organisation .The following is a list of the strategies. Reducing cost base Improving quality Getting closer to the customer Shorter cycle times Strategic partnerships Ability to change fast Of the above mentioned generic strategies, TESCO adopts the following: Reducing cost base To cut down the expenses and to increase productivity and efficiency, TESCO adopts this strategy to face the challenges of price war with its competitors, high property costs a and to provide value based products to the customers. Improving quality TESCO always concentrates on improving quality to rule the existing markets. It adopts new techniques and softwares both in the logistics and in-store operations to consistently serve the customers. Getting closer to the customer Customers are whimsical, customers are fickle, customers are not loyal. The ability to anticipate this fickleness is a strategic strength.TESCO understands this well and introduced club card schemes which helps TESCO to have millions of loyal customers. THE ANSOFF MATRIX This is a classic model in strategy building .Its main purpose is to analyse the organisations approaches to its products and to its market to ensure that an appropriate marketing strategy is being pursued .The following is the An off matrix for TESCO Current products New products Current markets Market penetration Improving services Improving quality Product development Expand own brands like The Finest and TESCO Value. Expansion into non-food sector Adding new products to the existing product line New markets Market development International expansion and globalisation Home shopping Developing small express stores Diversification New services Using the Ansoff matrix in conjunction with the BCG matrix, TESCO conducts a useful review of its strategy to achieve its vision. EVALUATION The BCG matrix The Boston Consulting Group matrix is a valuable tool .Its purpose is to analyse the organisations product portfolio. The definitions used in the BCG matrix are very precisely expressed in terms of the generation and use of cash. This makes this matrix a sharp-edged tool. the following are the definitions used in BCG matrix Stars These are the products that are performing well .They are generating positive cash and they usually require continuous update to maintain their market share. Problems These are the products which are not performing and not generating sufficient cash to maintain them in their markets. Cash cows These are the products which are performing well in markets which are growing slowly or are static. They are probably generating more money that can be profitably invested in them. Dogs They have low market share in markets which are growing slowly or are static. They may be consuming more resources to maintain their availability. They need quick decisions. The following is the BCG matrix for Tesco Market share High low Star On-line shopping Organic foods Loyalty cards Non-grocery items New services Problems On-line shopping with demographic analysis Home delivery of

Latin Captions Project :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kyle Black Picture Captions Project Page 1: This picture shows daily life inside the home of Cornelius Rufus in Pompeii. It has people performing various activities and the pillars are painted red to hide fingerprints. Page3: All official business was conducted in the Roman Forum. After a roman patronus received his clients, he would go to the Forum for business. Page 5: This picture of the atrium at the House of the Faun at Pompeii had a funnel-shaped roof designed so that rainwater would drain into the impluvium. You can see the peristylum in the background, which had a garden and a fountain. Page 8: Servants and children gather around the well to exchange news and get fresh water. The pillars are also painted red in this picture. Page 11: The family unit was important in ancient Rome. If a family didn’t have a son, they would adopt a son to carry on the family name. Many famous Romans, such as Augustus Caesar were adopted. Page 16: Children were taught to read at an early age. Roman books were papyrus rolled into scrolls. Page 18: The Vestal Virgins had enormous prestige. They were chosen by patricians and introduced at the ages of six and ten. They served for 30 years. In the picture, they Virgins tended their sacred fire, which cannot go out. Page 20: Livia Prusilla was the second wife of Augustus and the mother of Tiberius, Augustus’ successor. During her husband’s reign, she became her counselor and gracefully ran his domestic life. Page 21: Women were responsible for the early education of their children and also got together to plan parties and celebrations. This picture is of the women’s domestic activities. Page 23: Augustus was the first emperor of the Julio-Claudian line. He well understood the importance of propaganda. So, he encouraged the leading writers and poets to glorify Rome’s and Augustus’ achievements in their works. Page 24: Virgil was one of Rome’s finest poets. He wrote the Ecogues, the Georgies, and the famous Aeneid. Page 27: This is a picture of Tablets containing the Laws of the Twelve Tables. They were put together in the 5th century B.C. The laws include many rules and procedures on various topics. Page 30: The Roman Forum was the area where business and political speeches were made. Because of this, they put the Twelve Tables here for everyone to see as a reference. With this, plebeians were guaranteed fairness. Page 33: The Roman Senate was very powerful.

Psychology Notes Essay

1) Four big ideas in psychology: a. Critical thinking is smart thinking b. Behavior is a bio psychosocial event c. We operate with a two-track mind (Dual processing) d. Psychology explores human strengths as well as challenges 2) Why do psychology? e. The limits of intuition and common sense i. Enough to bring forth answers regarding human nature. ii. May aid queries, but are not free of error. iii. Hindsight Bias: the â€Å"I-knew-it-all-along† phenomenon. 1. After learning the outcome of an event, many people believe they could have predicted that very outcome. iv. Overconfidence: thinking you know more than what you actually know. f. The scientific attitude v. Composed of curiosity, skepticism, and humility. vi. Curiosity: passion for exploration. vii. Skepticism: doubting and questioning. viii. Humility: ability to accept responsibility when wrong. g. The science of psychology helps make these examined conclusions, which leads to our understanding of how people feel, think, and act as they do. 3) How do psychologists ask and answer questions? h. The scientific method ix. Construct theories that organize, summarize and simplify observations. x. Theory: an explanation that integrates principles and organizes and predicts behavior or events. (Example: low self-esteem contributes to depression). xi. Hypothesis: a testable prediction, often promoted by a theory, to enable us to accept, reject or revise the theory. (Example: people with low self-esteem are apt to feel more depressed). xii. Research: to administer tests of self-esteem and depression. (Example: people who score low on a self-esteem test and high on a depression test would confirm the hypothesis). i. Description xiii. Basic purpose: to observe and record behavior. xiv. How conducted: do case studies, surveys, or naturalistic observations. xv. Weaknesses: No control of variables; single cases may be misleading. xvi. Case Study: a technique in which one person is studied in depth to reveal underlying behavioral principles. xvii. Survey: a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes, opinions or behaviors of people usually done by questioning a representative, random sample of people. xviii. Wording can change the results of a survey xix. Random Sampling: when each member of a population has an equal chance of inclusions into a sample (unbiased). 2. If the survey sample is biased, its results are not valid. xx. Naturalistic Observation: observing and recording the behavior of animals in the wild and recording self-seating patterns in a multiracial school lunchroom constitute naturalistic observation. j. Correlation xxi. Basic purpose: to detect naturally occurring relationships; to assess how well one variable predicts another. xxii. How conducted: compute statistical association, sometimes among survey responses. xxiii. Weaknesses: does not specify cause and effect. xxiv. When one trait or behavior accompanies another. xxv. Correlation Coefficient: a statistical measure of the relationship between two variables. 3. Example: R = + 0.37 a. R is the correlation coefficient b. + is the direction of relationship (either + or – ) c. 0.37 indicates the strength of relationship xxvi. Correlation DOES NOT mean causation. 4. Examples: d. Low self-esteem could cause depression e. Depression could cause low self-esteem f. Distressing events or biological predisposition could cause low self-esteem and depression. xxvii. Illusory Correlation: the perception of a relationship where no relationship actually exists. (Example: parents conceive children after adoption). xxviii. Order in Random Events: 5. Given random data, we look for order and meaningful patterns. 6. Given large numbers of random outcomes, a few are likely to express order. k. Experimentation xxix. Basic purpose: to explore cause and effect. xxx. How conducted: manipulate one or more factors; use random assignment. xxxi. What is manipulated: the independent variable(s). xxxii. Weaknesses: sometimes not feasible; results may not generalize to other contexts; not ethical to manipulate certain variables. xxxiii. The backbone of psychological research 7. Effects generated by manipulated factors isolate cause and effect relationships. xxxiv. Double-blind Procedure: in evaluating drug therapies, patients and experimenter’s assistants should remain unaware of which patients had the real treatment and which patients had the placebo treatment. xxxv. Random Assignment: assigning participants to experimental and control conditions, by random assignment, minimizes pre-existing differences between the two groups. xxxvi. Independent Variable: a factor manipulated by the experimenter. 8. The effect of the independent variable is the focus of the study 9. Example: when examining the effects of breast-feeding upon intelligence, breast-feeding is the independent variable. xxxvii. Dependent Variable: a factor that may change in response to an independent variable. 10. Usually a behavior or a mental process. 11. Example: in the study of the effect of breast-feeding upon intelligence, intelligence is the dependent variable. 4) Aristotle l. 384-322 B.C. m. Naturalist and philosopher n. Theorized about psychology’s concepts o. Suggested that the soul and body are not separate and that knowledge grows from experience. p. â€Å"The soul is not separable from the body, and the same holds good of particular parts of the soul.† -Aristotle 5) Wundt q. 1832-1920 r. Studied the â€Å"atoms of the mind† s. Experiments at Leipzig, Germany, in 1879, which is considered the birth of psychology. 6) William James t. 1842-1910 u. American philosopher v. Wrote psychology textbook in 1890 w. James’s student, Mary Calkins, became the APA’s first female president xxxviii. She was not able to attain her PhD from Harvard. 7) Sigmund Freud x. 1856-1939 y. Austrian physician z. Emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and its effects on human behavior. 8) Psychology {. Originated in many disciplines and countries |. Defined as the science of mental life until the 1920s. }. 1920-1960: psychology was heavily oriented towards behaviorism. ~. Psychology: the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 9) Pavlov, Watson and Skinner . Watson: 1878-1958 . Skinner: 1904-1990 . Emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject matter of scientific psychology instead of mind or mental thoughts. . â€Å"Anything seems commonplace, once explained.† -Watson 10) Maslow and Rogers . Maslow: 1908-1970 . Rogers: 1902-1987 . Emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and our need for love and acceptance. 11) The American Psychological Association (APA) . The largest organization of psychology . 160,000 members world-wide . Followed by the British Psychological Society with 34,000 members. 12) Current perspectives . Neuroscience: how the body and brain enables emotions xxxix. How are messages transmitted in the body? How is blood chemistry linked with moods and motives? . Evolutionary: how the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation on one’s genes. xl. How does evolution influence behavior tendencies? . Behavior genetics: how much our genes and our environments influence our individual differences xli. To what extent are psychological traits such as intelligence, personality, sexual orientation, and vulnerability to depression attributable to our genes? To our environment? . Psychodynamic: how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. xlii. How can someone’s personality traits and disorders be explained in terms of sexual and aggressive drives or as disguised effects of unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas? . Behavioral: how we learn observable responses. xliii. How do we learn to fear particular objects or situations? What is the most effective way to alter our behavior, say to lose weight or quit smoking? . Cognitive: how we encode, process, store and retrieve information xliv. How do we use information in remembering? Reasoning? Problem solving? . Social-cultural: how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures. xlv. How are we- as Africans, Asians, Australians or north Americans- alike as members of human family? As products of different environmental contexts, how do we differ? 13) Psychology’s subfields . Biological: explore the links between brain and mind. . Developmental: study-changing abilities from womb to tomb. . Cognitive: study how we perceive, think, and solve problems. . Personality: investigate our persistent traits. . Social: explore how we view and affect one another . Clinical: studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders. . Counseling: helps people cope with academic, vocational, and marital challenges. . Educational: studies and helps individuals in school and educational settings. . Industrial/Organizational: studies and advises on behavior in the workplace. 14) Clinical vs. Psychiatry . Clinical Psychologist: (Ph.D.) studies, assesses, and treats troubled people with psychotherapy. . Psychiatrists: (M.D.) medical professionals who use treatments like drugs and psychotherapy to treat psychologically diseased patients. 15) Three main levels of analysis

The Balkans Essay

The Balkans Essay The Balkans Essay Not many people are aware of what balkanization is. Many misinterpret it, and some have never heard of such a word. Here, in the United States, we don’t often use a word like balkanization because there is no need for it. When a larger county breaks apart, we can interpret this as balkanization. The word balkanization is a geopolitical word. In Europe, there is a region called the Balkans; in this region, a war broke out during 1992 causing Yugoslavia to divide into smaller countries. The word balkanization took its popularity very recently. During the 19th century, the Balkans were not as organized as they are today. This is when the word balkanize came to its popularity. Journalist would often use the word Balkanization to describe the event of 1992- most commonly known as the Yugoslavian wars. The southeastern countries of Europe underwent a major war the Balkanized the entire area. In 1920, the word Balkanization was most prominently used and it was used to describe the se paration of the Ottoman Empire as it fell apart during that time frame. This was one of the most memorable events in the Balkans, hence, the word Balkanization is usually used to reffer to the countries in the Balkans. So it can be confidently said that the word Balkanization took its place during World War One. However, there was a slightly different definition for this word in the Oxford dictionary. Balkanization was simply defined as â€Å"to divide- a country or region- into small, often hostile units†. After checking Webster’s dictionary as well, I found that they defined the word balkanization the same way the Oxford dictionary did. This many not always be the case but most often a county can become hostile after breaking off on its own. This separation and hostile feeling often happens after a war. The problem is, including the word hostile in the definition for balkanization is creates a negative imagine for the Balkan land. For this reason is should not be included in the definition. Neither dictionary states a reason for hostility, it simply mentions that the newly divided units are hostile. A county that is said to be hostile, or defined as hostile, might scare away potential tourists as well as create negative feelings, thoughts, or views on certain countries or are as. During 1992, the Balkans-specifically Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia- had a war calling for separation. The war was not only for separation but a fight for land as well. My father served the army during the time of the war. After asking him a few questions about the war, he admitted to the hostile feelings that overtook everyone during the war. This of course is only during the time of war; the war lasted a few years. Obviously hostility is natural during a war. Neither dictionary, Oxford nor Webster, mentions a time frame of hostility. It simply states that the units that are divided are hostile. My parents moved to Chicago in 1997 so we did not experience the after-war lifestyle in Bosnia. Since we have most of our family still living in the Balkans, we visit them every two years. My experience with the visits did not include any hostile feelings as the dictionary mentioned. Even family that has lived in the Balkans for generations have said that our countries have not become hostile units. The economies of the separated countries have not yet grown to their full potential but they continue to improve every year. During each of my visits, I have noticed that many businesses, including small businesses, have not had a difficult time remaining successful. Most laws still remain the same and if they were modified, they were done for improvement. When a county undergoes hostility, their economies often decline, laws become more strict, businesses usually close, and in some cases the population declines due to many people relocating. Using the word

Osmium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Osmium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Osmium is an extremely heavy silver-blue metal with atomic number 76 and element symbol Os. While most elements arent know for the way they smell, osmium emits a characteristic unpleasant smell. The element and its compounds are highly toxic. Here is a collection of osmium element facts, including its atomic data, chemical and physical properties, uses, and sources. Osmium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 76 Symbol: Os Atomic Weight: 190.23 Discovery: Smithson Tennant 1803 (England), discovered osmium in residue remaining when crude platinum was dissolved in aqua regia Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 Word Origin: from the Greek word osme, a smell or odor Isotopes: There are seven naturally-occurring isotopes of osmium: Os-184, Os-186, Os-187, Os-188, Os-189, Os-190, and Os-192. Six additional manmade isotopes are known. Properties: Osmium has a melting point of 3045 /- 30  °C, boiling point of 5027 /- 100 °C, specific gravity of 22.57, with a valence usually 3, 4, 6, or 8, but sometimes 0, 1, 2, 5, 7. It is a lustrous blue-white metal. It is very hard and remains brittle even at high temperatures. Osmium has the lowest vapor pressure and highest melting point of the platinum group metals. Although solid osmium is unaffected by air at room temperature, the powder will give off osmium tetroxide, a strong oxidizer, highly toxic, with a characteristic odor (hence the metals name). Osmium is slightly more dense than iridium, so osmium is often credited as being the heaviest element (calculated density ~ 22.61). The calculated density for iridium, based on its space lattice, is 22.65, though the element hasnt been measured as heavier than osmium. Uses: Osmium tetroxide can be used to stain fatty tissue for microscope slides and to detect fingerprints. Osmium is used to add hardness to alloys. It is also used for fountain pen tips, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts. Sources: Osmium is found in iridomine and platinum-bearing sands, such as those found in the Americas and Urals. Osmium may also be found in nickel-bearing ores with other platinum metals. Although the metal is difficult to make, the power can be sintered in hydrogen at 2000 °C. Element Classification: Transition Metal Osmium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 22.57 Melting Point (K): 3327 Boiling Point (K): 5300 Appearance: blue-white, lustrous, hard metal Atomic Radius (pm): 135 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.43 Covalent Radius (pm): 126 Ionic Radius: 69 (6e) 88 (4e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.131 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 31.7 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 738 Pauling Negativity Number: 2.2 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 819.8 Oxidation States: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0, -2 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 2.740 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.579 Return to the Periodic Table Sources Arblaster, J. W. (1989). Densities of osmium and iridium: recalculations based upon a review of the latest crystallographic data (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 33 (1): 14–16.Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Osmium. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 352.Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1439855119.

Discussion 13 nur 702 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 13 nur 702 - Assignment Example Thirdly, a gender dimension to my clinical problem exists and links available evidence with health policy. Burden of hypertension is greater among women than among men. American Heart Association (AHA) helps fight for strong public health policies that help in combating heart disease and can help with the first area. The AHA advances its mission through volunteer funds and research. American Kidney Fund can help in lobbying for health policy that would give patients financial support to help cater for their care and to conduct health education. HealthyWomen can help in foregrounding women issues that accrue from hypertension and heart disease mobilizing for health policy that would help address these issues. To get involved in health policy specific to my clinical problem, I will endeavor to contribute my evidence to the shaping the policy content. Additionally, I will be in the forefront showing the need to have laws that cover the issues that will be found to be pressing regarding the clinical problem. Finally, I will contribute in keeping surveillance ensuring that the policy is implemented and adopted (Brownson, Chriqui & Stamatakis,

Personal ethos statment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal ethos statment - Essay Example An empathetic individual should be concerned about others’ plight and ready to help when called to duty. This I believe should be the key character of a rational person. I trust honest effort based on commitment and dedication to achieve a set mission in life. Attaining life visions, I believe, is always a possibility when an individual hopes for the best. Kindness rewards. Coupled with patience, kindness is a virtue that is indispensable in the life of every individual. Everyone should embrace the urge to give back to as a way of being thankful. Whoever is not thankful, I believe, does not deserve help. I believe disrespect is a disappointment to good character. Character makes an individual and influences success, being a vital aspect of life. I believe in my exceptional character and morality. My integrity is perfect with a great attitude to strive and attain my best. No doubt, a strong character of kindness, hope, readiness to struggle, hope to attain life visions are esse ntial for